Turbine-engine.



C. J. SHELDON.

TURBINE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-25.1916.

1,245,392. Patented Nov. 6, 1917.

6 SHEETSSHEET llNVENTOR al/w ATTORNEY 0.1. SHELDON. TURBINE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-25- I916.

Patented Nov. 6, 1917.

6 SHEETS-$HEET 2 ENVENTQR TTORNEY C. 1. SHELDON.

TURBINE ENGINE.

APPLIcATmN FILED AUG.25. 191s.

Patented NOV. 6, 1917.

6 S HEETSSHEET 3.

A'ITORNE INVENTCR C. J. SHELDON.

TURBINE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUGIZS. 19l6.

1,245,392. Patented Nov. 6, 1917.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4- I NVEN TO R (1.1. SHELDON.

TURBINE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.25. I916.-

1 45,392. Patented Nov. 6, 1917.

. 6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

GI-II ENVENTOR c.1. SHELDON.

TURBINE ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED A'u .25. mus.

$455392, Patented Nov. 6, 1917.

e shins-sum 6.

INVENTOR UNITED srarns PATENT ourrcn CARSON J. SHELDON, OF YOUNGSTOWN,OHIO, ASSIGNOR 0F ONE-SEVENTH TO JOHN L. HGFFACKER, OF SHARON,PENNSYLVANIA, AND ONE-SEVENTH TO GEORGE L.

SCI-IVIARTZ, OF YOUNGSTOWN, OEIO.

TURBINE-ENGIN E.

Application filed August 25, 1916.

To all whom. it may concern:

Be it known that I, Cnnsom J. SHELDON, a citizen of the United States ofAmerica, and resident of Youngstown, county of Mahoning, and State ofOhio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inTurbine-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates broadly to turbine engines, and more particularlyto a reversible steam turbine.

The primary object of the invention is to provide a steam turbine motoror engine of simple and improved form which may be operated with equalfacility in either forward or reverse direction.

A further object of the invention is to provide a motor of the charactermentioned having an improved type of rotor embodying spirals having aform and arrangement which render them particularly eiiicient, adaptingthem for utilizing practically all of the expansive force of the steam.

A further object is to provide a rotor in which the spirals are composedof segments or blades which are readily inscrtible and removable withoutdisassembling the rotor.

A still further object within the contem plation of the invention is toprovide a device of the character mentioned which is so constructed thatthe pressure of the entering steam is counterbalanced, preventing endthrust on the rotor.

lVith these and other important objects in view, the invention residesin the features of construction, arrangement of parts and coinbinationsof elements which will hereinafter be fully explained, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a partialhorizontal section of the invention;

Fig. is an enlarged transverse section taken substantially on line 2-2,Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical longitudinal section on the line 33,:Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is an outer edge view of the spiral of the rotor, the rotorcasing being shown in section;

Fig. 5 is a section on line 55, Fig. 4:;

Fig. 6 is a top plan view of the invention, complete;

F ig. 7 is a detail section of the packing ring between the outsidecasing and the ro- Specification of Letters Patent.

.tions are connected by bolts 8 and are ri Patented Nov. 5, 1917.

Serial No. 116,825.

tor casing, showing an adjustment for said ring;

Fig. 8 is a detail perspective view of segment or blade;

Fig. 9 is a detail section on line 9-9, Fig. 6, showing the piston valvein steam admitting position; V i

Fig. 10 is an enlarged front elevation of the reversing gear;

Figs. 11 and 12 are sections taken, respectively, on lines 1111 and1:212, Fig. 10, the former showing the rotary valve in one of itsoperative positions and the latter showing said valve in neutral orinoperative position; and V Fig. 13 is a section on line 13-13, Fig. 10.

Referring to said drawings, in which like designating characters distinuish like parts throughout the several views 1 indicates a main casing,hereinafter termed the outer casing, the body of which is composed oftop and bottom sections sccured together by means of bolts 2. Saidcasing incloses a rotor which comprises a hollow cylinder 3 having heads4-. mounted in fixed relation to its opposite ends. EX- tendingcentrally through the rotor casing 3 is a drive shaft 5 which isjournaled in suitable bearings, as 6, provided in the companion top andbottom sections 7 composing the end walls of the outer casing 1, whichsec O t) idly attached to the body of said casing, as by bolts 9. Keyedupon the shaft 5 is a hub 67 which has a length substantially the sameas that of the cylinder 8. The periphery of said hub is provided with aseries of spaced longitudinal ribs 10 between which are longitudinalgrooves or mortises 11, the purpose of which will presently beexplained. Provided on the shaft 5 at each end of the hub 67 arethreaded portions 12. Said threaded portions are designed to receivethereon the cylinder heads 4 which are adjusted to closely engage theends of the cylinder 3 and also the ends of the hub 67.

As is obvious, the shaft might be made with a portion corresponding tothe hub 67 formed inte ral with said shaft and having a diametersnfliciently greater than that of the shaft that the alternate ribs andgrooves might be formed therein, thereby dispensing with the hub.However, I prefer to'e-mploy the hub 67 for reasons which will behereinafter explained.

Fixed to, or formed integral with, each of the cylinder heads a is anoutwardly tending shaft-inclosing sleeve 13 preferably of the tapered orconical form shown most clearly in Fig. 3; and fixed to or formedintegral 'ith said sleeve is a circular plate 14: which is disposedparallel to said cylinder head. The peripheral edge of said plate isrotatably received in an internal annular channel provided in the end ofcasing 1 and said plate is abutted by the adjacent end wall '7 of saidcasing. Inclosed chambers 15 and 16 are thus formed at opposite ends ofthe interior of the casing 1 between the cylinder heads and the adjacentplates ll, which latter constitute pressurebalance plates which arerotatable with the rotor.

Opening into the chambers 15 and 16, respectively, are ports 17 and 18for the admission and exhaust of steam which is controlled in a mannerwhich will presently be explained.

Located within the otor casing or cylinder is a plurality of parallelspirals, each composed of a plurality of abutting segments or blades 19,the adjacent helices of said spirals being relatively disposed to form aplurality of parallel spiral passages 20 through which courses the steamintroduced in the rotor through openings 21 provided in the rotor heads4:. Each of said blades has its opposite faces fluted or ribbed, as ismost clearly shown in Fig. 8, and the opposite flutes are located instaggered relation, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4. The ad jacenthelices composed of the blade-like segments 19 have the flutes of theiropposing faces in staggered relation, thus forming therebetween passages20 of tortuous form. As is obvious, due to the said arrangement, theribs or fins of the blades are presented in the path and receive theimpact of the expanding steam. The blades are removably mounted in fixedposition within the rotor casing 3 each thereof having at its inner orpointed end an integral head or flange which is terminated by tenons 23which snugly fit in moitises or grooves 11 of the hub 67, saic mortisesbeing of a width which snugly accommodates in abutting relation the twoadjacent tenons of abutting blades, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The outeredge of each blade is curved to conform to tie cuiwat-ure of theinterior walls of the rotor casing and has formed thereon adjacent tothe angles which it forms which the lateral edges of the bladeprojecting tenons 241- which it within longitudinally disposed groovesor mortises 25 provided in said interior walls of the rotor casing in amanner analogous with that of the tenons 28. Formed on the lateral edgeof said segment between said tenons 2 1 is a flange 68 having athickness corresponding to said tenons 24:. The heads or flanges 22 and68 and tenons and 2st have substantially the same thickness, saidthickness being greater than that of the body of the blade so that whensaid segments are placed in the cylinder in abutting relation adjacenthelices composed of such blades are properly spaced apart, as shown inFig. &. In introducing the blades, the same are entered from one end ofthe rotor casing, the tenons thereof being inserted one after another intheir respective mortises and forced to the limit of their movement. Asis obvious, the blades 19" erminating the various spirals necessarilydiffer slightly in form from the other blades 19, a blank face portion19 being provided for seating closely against the adjacent rotor head 4to form a tight oint with the latter.

Due to the large diameter of the hub 67 the passage between the spiralsis such a distance from the shaft that a greater leverage is obtainedthan would be the case if the segments were fitted directly onto theshaft Communicating with the steam chambers 15 and 16 through the ports17 and 18, respectively, are passages 26 and 27 provided in oppositesides of the bottom section of the enter casing 1. Leading to saidpassages 26 and 27, respectively, and coupled to said casing section arehollow arms 28 and 28 formed, respectively, on two valve casings 29 and29 located at opposite sides of the motor constituted by the partshereinbefore described. Said valve casings constitute parts of areversible mechanism whereby the direction of the steam through themotor, and, consequently, the direction of rotation of the rotor, may becontrolled. Each of said valve casings has mounted therein a pistonvalve 30 which is movable to and from chasing relation to a steam inletport 31 which is located in the top of the valve casing in a verticalplane passed through the hollow arm thereof hereinbefore mentioned. A.steam. pipe 32 leads to each of said inlet ports, and, when the pistonvalve 30 occupies the position shown at the top of Fig. 1, steam passesto the adjacent steam chamber of the motor, being conducted from saidport 31 to the passage in the adjacent arm 28 through an L-shapcdpassage provided in said piston valve, as is clearly shown in Fig. 9.

The piston valves of the two valve casings 29 and 29 at all times occupyreverse positions so that when one occupies aposition admitting steam tothe rotor, as aforesaid, the other occupies a position permitting steamto exhaust, as shown at the bottom of Fig. 1. In the last-mentionedposition of the piston valve a transverse passage 3t ex tendingtherethrough is in open communication at one end with the passagethrough the arm, as 28, and at the other end with an exhaust port 35provided in the valve casing, free passage forthe exhaust steam beingthus afforded.

The valve 30 has seated against its opposite ends suitable bulfersprings, as the coil springs 36 and 37, and opening into the oppositeends of the valve casing 29 are pipes 38 and 39 for conducting apressure fluid, as steam, water, or air, preferably the latter, wherebysaid valve 30 may be shifted from one limit of movement to the other andheld in shifted position; and opening into the opposite ends of thevalve casing 29 are pipes 38 and 39 for conducting such pressure fluidwhereby the valve 30 thereof may be shifted and held. The pipes 38 and38 communicate with a single pipe 40 leading from a suitably locatedcontrol valve casing 41, while the pipes 39 and 39 communicats with asingle pipe 42 leading from said control valve casing, as shown in Figs.6, 10. and 11. Located within said casing 41 is a circular rotary valve43 having a main passage 44 thcrethrough. One end of said passage iscentrally located so as to remain permanently in open communication witha pipe 45 leading from a source of supply of the pressure fluid, whilethe other end of said passage is eccentrically located so that it may,with rotary movement of the valve 43, be shifted into communication witheither of the pipes 40 or 42, according as it is desired to furnish thepressure fluid to the right or left hand ends of the valve casings 29and 29. Also provided in the rotary valve 43 is a passage 46 of curved,or substantially U-shaped, form, one end of which is centrally locatedso as to remain permanently in open communication with an exhaust port47 provided in the casing 41 at the side opposite that to which leadsthe supply pipe 45. The other end of said passage 46 is eccentricallylocated so that it will, when the rotary valve is shifted from onepressure supply position to the other, be carried from registeringrelation with the pipe 42 as shown in Fig. 11 to a neutral position overa blank wall. Provided in the face of said valve 43 is an arc-shapedgroove 46 which maintains connection between the pipe 42 and exhaustport 47 when the main passage 44 occupies a position intermediate pipes40 and 42. A second U- shaped passage 69, connected with an arcshapedgroove 69, similar to passage 46 and groove 46 is formed in said valve43 so that when the main passage 44 occupies a position intermediate thepipes 40 and 42, or in direct communication with pipe 42, said groove 69and passage 69 will allow the fluid in pipe 40 to exhaust. It willtherefore be seen that when said main passage 44 occupies a positionintermediate said pipes 40 and 42, both of said pipes will be connectedwith the exhaust port 47, pipe 40 through groove 69 and passage 69, andpipe 42 through groove 46 and passage 46. As is apparent, when the valve43 is so shifted that the main passage 44 is in direct combe engaged bya toothed dog 51 which is carried by said lever. Said dog is mountedupon a pin 52 which is longitudinally movable in a slot 53- provided inthe lever 48. A retractile coil spring 54 has one end attached to saidpin and the other end to said lever at a point inward with respect tosaid pin whereby said dog is normally held in engagement with theratchet teeth 50. Pivoted links 55 are interposed between the pin 52 anda pivoted trip-arm 66 provided on the outer end of said lever, as shownin Fig. 10. As is obvious, hand pressure applied to the trip-arm acts towithdraw the dog 51 from engagement with the ratchet teeth, whereuponthe operating lever may be moved as desired for shifting the position ofthe rotary valve 43.

hen the operating lever is shifted to a midway position, the rotaryvalve 43 is carried to a neutral position, whereupon both pipes 40 and42 are connected to exhaust port 47, as hereinbefore explained.

WVith the pressure control valve set to admit the pressure fluid to theleft hand end of the piston valve casing 29 and 29, as shown in Fig. 1,the piston valves 30 are forced against the tension of springs 37 to thepositions shown in said figure. With the piston valves in saidpositions, steam supplied by the steam pipe 32 leading to the valvecasing 29 passes through the port 31 of said casing, thence through theregistering L-shaped passage 33 of the piston valve 30, thencethrough-hollow arm 28 to passage 26, whence it passes through port 17 tosteam chamber 15, which then serves as an expansion chamber for theadmitted steam. The pressure of steam so admitted to the chamber 15 actsequally upon the adjacent cylinder head 4 and the attached circularplate 14, and consequently, the objectionable, end thrust on the rotor,which, except for the presence of said plate, would be evident, isprevented. From the chamber-l5 the ex- Said flanges 49 are preferablyprovided with ratchet teeth 50 adapted to fixed relation to the hubpanded steam passes to the interior of the rotor casing 3 through theopenings 21 in the head f, entering the spiral passages 20 between thehelices of the spirals composer of the blades or segments 19 anddisposed in After traversing said passages, in which it acts to exert adriving force upon the ribbed faces of said spirals, the steam exhaustsoutward to chamber 16 through the openings 21 of the adj acent head Fromsaid chamber the exhaust steam passes through port 18, passsage 27, thehollow arm 28 of casing 29, the registering passage 3st of the pistonvalve 30 of said casing, and thence outward to the atmosphere throughexhaust port As is obvious, reversal of the direction of travel of steamand a consequent reversal of the direction of rotation of the rotor isac complished by shifting the piston valves 80 to reverse positions, ashereinbefore described.

Suitable packing is provided between the balance plates 1's of the rotorand the end walls 7 of the outer casing 1. While said packing may be ofany appropriate type, I prefer to employ the form shown in the drawings,the same including a ring 56 disposed within a circular groove orchannel 57 provided in the inner face of each end wall 7. The projectingedge of said ring is preferably beveled as shown, and said edge isreceived within a V-shaped groove 58 provided in the adjacent face ofthe balance plate 1%. Said ring seats against said balance plate with anadjustable yielding ten sion afforded by plurality of springs 59disposed in encircling relation to pins 60 which are mounted in theouter face of said ring at suitably spaced intervals. Said pins arefreely movable in holes 61 provided therefor in the walls 7 and haveadjusting nuts 62 threaded upon their outer ends, shown in Fig. T. Thesprings 59 are di posed within sockets 63 provided therefor in the walls7 and exert a yielding force for maintaining the beveled edge of thering 56 seated against the balance platele. By adjustment of theadjusting nuts 62 the ertent of inward movement of said rings un-- derthe pressure of said springs may be regulated.

The ring 56 is preferably provided with an outer annular groove 64 inwhich is disposed a ring 65 of piston ring type, as shown.

lVhile I have herein shown and described a practical embodiment of myinvention it will be understood that the invention is not confined to astrict conformity with the showing of the drawings, but the details ofconstruction may be changed and modified to the extent that such changesand modifications mark no material departure from the salient featuresof the invention.

lVhat is claimed isr l. A turbine engine comprising an outer casing, acylindrical rotor casing rotatable within said outer casing, a centrallydisposed drive-shaft extending through said rotor casing, spiralsinterposed between and disposed in interlockin relation to said rotorcasing and said shaft, said spirals being disposed'to form passages forthe actuating fiuid, and means controlling the admission and exhaust ofsaid fluid.

A turbine engine comprising an outer casing, a cylindrical rotor casingrotatable within said outer casing, a centrally disposed drive-shaftextending through said rotor casing, spirals interposed between saidrotor casing and said shaft and interlocked with both, said spiralsbeing composed of removable segments disposed to form spiral passagesfor the actuating fluid, and means controlling the admission and exhaustof said fluid.

3. A turbine engine comprising an outer casing, a hollow cylinderrotatable within said casing, a drive-shaft extended centrally throughsaid cylinder, apertured heads closing the ends of said cylinder andcarried in fixed relation to said shaft and to said cylinder, spiralsdisposed in encircling relation to said shaft and interlocked both withsaid cylinder and with said shaft, said spirals being disposed to formspiral passages for the actuating fluid, and means controlling theadmission and exhaust of said fluid.

l. A turbine engine comprising an outer casing, a hollow cylinderrotatable within said casing, a drive-shaft extended centrally throughsaid cylinder, a hub fixed on said shaft, apertured heads closing theends of said cylinder and carried in fixed relation to said shaft and tosaid cylinder, spirals encircling said hub and interlocked both withsaid cylinder and with said hub, said spirals being disposed to formspiral pasfor the actuating fluid, a circular plate disposed paralleland in fixed relation to each of said cylinder heads at a distance fromthe latter whereby is formed an intermediate pressure-balance chamberfor receiving the actuating fluid, means for conducting said fluid toone of said chambers, and means for conducting said fluid from the otherchamber.

5. A turbine engine comprising an outer casing, a hollow cylinderrotatable within said casing, a drive-shaft extended centrally throughsaid cylinder, a hub in fixed relation to said shaft, apertured headsclosing the ends of said cylinder and carried in fixed relation to saidhub and to said cylinder, spirals encircling said hub and interlockedboth with said cylinder and with said hub, said spirals being disposedto form spiral passages for the actuating fluid, fluid-receivingchambers adjacent'to said cylinder heads, means carried in fixedrelation to'said heads for relieving the cylinder of end thrust underthe force exerted by said fluid, and means controlling the admission andexhaust of said fluid with respect to said chambers.

6. A turbine engine comprising an outer casing, a hollow cylinderrotatable within said casing, a drive-shaft extended centrally throughsaid cylinder, a hub in fixed relation to said shaft, apertured headsclosing the ends of said cylinder and carried in fixed relation to saidhub and to said cylin der, spirals encircling said hub and connectedboth to said cylinder and to said hub, said spirals being disposed toform spiral passages for the actuating fluid, said spirals beingcomposed of removable segments, means disposed in fixed relation to saidcylinder heads for relieving the cylinder from end-thrust under theforce of the incoming actuating fluid, and means for controlling theadmission and exhaust of said fluid.

7. A turbine engine comprising an outer casing, a hollow cylinderrotatable within said casing, a drivcshaft extended centrally throughsaid cylinder, a hub carried by said shaft, apertured heads closing theends ofv said cylinder and carried in fixed relation to said hub and tosaid cylinder, spirals encircling said hub and connected both to saidcylinder and to said hub, said spirals being disposed to form spiralpassages for the actuating fluid, said spirals being composed ofremovable segments, means disposed in fixed relation to said cylinderheads for relieving the cylinder from end thrust under the force of theincoming actuating fluid, means for controlling the admission andexhaust of said fluid, and means for reversing the direction of travelof said fluid.

8. A turbine engine comprising an outer casing, a cylindrical rotorcasing rotatable within said outer casing, a member extended centrallythrough said rot-or casing and having spirals interposed between it andsaid rotor casing, said spirals forming passages for the actuatingfluid, apertured heads closing the ends of said rotor casing, meansassociated with said heads and rotatable with said rotor casing wherebypressure balance chambers are formed outside said rotor casing forpreventing end thrust underthe force of the incoming actuating fluid,and means controlling the admission and exhaust of said fluid withrespect to said chambers.

9. A turbine engine comprising an outer" casing, a hollow cylinderrotatable within encircling said hub and connected both to said cylinderand to said hub, said spirals being arranged to form unconnected spiralpassages for the actuating fluid, and shiftable valves whereby thedirection of travel.

ofsaid fluid is controlled.

10. A turbine engine comprising an outer casing, a hollow cylinderrotatable within said casing, a drive-shaft extended centrally throughsaid cylinder, a hub carried by said sha 't, apertured heads closing theends of said cylinder and carried in fixed relation to said hub and tosaid cylinder, spirals en-' 1 circling said hub and'connected both tosaid cylinder and to said hub, said spirals being disposed to formspiral passages for the actuating-fluid, and a pair of piston valvescontrolling the exhaust of said fluid.

12. A turbine engine comprising an outer casing, a-hollow cylinderrotatable within said casing, aidrive-shaft extended centrally throughsaid cylinder, a hub carried by said shaft, apertured heads closing theends of said cylinder and carried in fixed relation to said hub and tosaid cylinder, spirals encircling said hub and connected both tov saidcylinder and to said hub, said spirals being disposed to form spiralpassages for the actuating fluid, a pair of piston valves controllingthe admission and exhaust of said fluid, and meansfor simultaneouslyshifting said va ves for reversing the direction of travel of saidfluid.

13. A turbine engine comprising an outer casing, a hollow cylinderrotatable within said casing, a drive-shaft extended centrally throughsaid cylinder, a hub carried by said shaft, apertured heads closing theends of said cylinder and carried in fixed relation to said hub and tosaid cylinder, spirals encircling said hub and connected both to saidcylinder and to said hub, said spirals being disposed to form spiralpassages for the actuating fluid, a shiftable valve controlling theadmission of said fluid, ashiftablevalve controlling the exhaust of saidfluid, said valves being reversely disposed, and means forsimultaneously shifting said valves for reversing the direction oftravel of said fluid.

14. A turbine engine comprising an outer casing, a hollow cylinderrotatable within said casing, a drive-shaft extended centrally throughsaid cylinder, a hub in fixed rela tion to said shaft, aperturedheadsclosing the ends of said cylinder and carried in fixed relation tosaid hub and to said cylinder, spirals encircling said hub and con-'nccted both to said cylinder and to said hub, said spirals beingdisposed to form spiral passages for the actuating fluid, a shiftablevalve controlling the admission of said fluid, a shiftable valvecontrolling the exhaust of said fluid, said valves being reverselydisposed, cylinders in which said valves are located, and means foradmitting a pressure fluid to said cylinders for accomplishing theshifting of said valves.

15. A turbine engine comprising an outer casing, a hollow cylinderrotatable within said casing, a drive-shaft extended centrally throughsaid cylinder, a hub carried by said shaft, apertured heads closing theends of said cylinder and carried in fixed relation to said hub and tosaid cylinder, spirals encircling said hub and connected both to saidcylinder and to said hub, said spirals being disposed to form spiralpassages for the actuating fluid, a shiftable valve controlling theadmission of said fluid, a shiftable valve controlling the exhaust ofsaid fluid, said valves being reversely disposed, cylinders in whichsaid valves are located, means connected to the opposite ends of saidcylinders for admitting a pressure fluid, means maintaining one end ofeach cylinder closed when the other is open, and means for shifting thepressure fluid with respect to said ends to reverse the position of saidvalves for reversing the direction of travel of the actuating fluid.

16. A turbine engine comprising an outer casing, a cylindrical rotorcasing rotatable within said outer casing, a centrally disposeddrive-shaft extending through said rotor casing, a hub fixed on saidshaft, said hub having thereon a plurality of alternate longitudinalribs and grooves, a plurality of spirals encircling said hub, saidspirals being composed of a plurality of segments each of which has aportion seated in one of said grooves and has a portion interlocked withsaid rotor casing.

17. In a turbine engine, a rotor comprising a cylindrical casing havinga plurality of internal spaced longitudinal grooves therein, a shaftextended centrally through said casing, a hub carried in fixed relationof said hub and has tenons seated in thegrooves of said cylinder.

18. In a turbine engine, a rotor comprising a cylindrical casing havinga plurality of internal spaced longitudinal grooves therein, a shaftextended centrally through said casing, a hub carried in fixed relationto said shaft and having thereon a plurality of alternate longitudinalribs and grooves. a plurality of spirals encircling said hub, saidspirals being composed of segments each of which has tenons seated inthe groove of said hubs and has tenons seated in the grooves ofsaidcylinder, each tenon being of greater thickness than that of thebody of the segment, the tenons of alined segments serving to space thelatter to provide an intervening passage of predetermin ed width.

19. In a turbine engine, a rotor embodying spirals composed of abuttingsegments whereby unconnected spiral passages are formed, each segmenthaving its opposite faces fluted to form axially projecting in1-pact-receiving fins.

20. In a turbine engine, a rotor embodying spirals composed of abuttingsegments whereby intermediate unconnected spiral passages are formed,each segment having its opposite faces fluted to form axially pro;

jecting impact-receiving fins, the flutes of one face being staggeredwith respect to those of the other.

21. In a turbine engine, a rotor embodying spirals composed of-aplurality of segments disposed in closely abutting relation wherebyunconnected spiral. passages are formed, each segment having itsopposite faces fluted to form radially disposed projectingimpact-receiving fins, the flutes of one face being staggered withrespect to those of the other, and the arrangement of the horizontallyalined segments being such that the fiutesof opposing faces in adjacenthelices are-in staggered relation for rendering said passages tortuous.

In testimony whereof, I affix my signature in presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

CARSON J. SHELDON.

l/Vitnesses THOS. J. HERBERT, GUSTAV C. GAST.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D, G

